• Ubiquitin activating enzyme activates ubiquitin by a

  2020-11-27

  

  Ubiquitin-activating enzyme activates ubiquitin by a three-step process with ATP as a cofactor (Chen et al., 2011, Haas and Rose, 1982, Haas et al., 1982). We demonstrated that ATP is required for mRFP-Ub–E1 formation under non-reducing conditions (Fig. 2A). A time course of radioactive ATP producti

• The E enzyme is the apex for

  2020-11-27

  

  The E1 enzyme is the apex for downstream enzymatic cascades and signaling pathways mediated by Ub and Ub-like proteins (Ubls) (Pickart, 2001). Studying characteristics of E1 and its catalytic functions may throw light to the role of ubiquitination in cell development. All known eukaryotic E1 are mon

• All components of the UPP were predicted to be

  2020-11-27

  

  All components of the UPP were predicted to be susceptible to oxidative stress due to the cysteine residues in their active sites [36]. Curcusone D inhibits DUBs but has no significant effect on the action of E1, E2s, E3s, or the proteasome, which indicates that the targets of the ROS induced by cur

• Our data supports the conclusion

  2020-11-27

  

  Our data supports the conclusion that the exonuclease activity thought to be intrinsic to Artemis is not a component of the Artemis polypeptide. Many possibilities exist to explain the presence of the exonuclease activity in less-pure fractions of Artemis. It is possible that the exonuclease is simp

• Why then is leading strand DNA synthesis reduced relative

  2020-11-27

  

  Why then is leading-strand DNA synthesis reduced relative to lagging-strand synthesis in rad53-1 mutant PFI-1 synthesis under replication stress? To gain insight into this question, we first determined whether the firing of late origins in rad53-1 mutant cells contributes to compromised leading-stra

• br Introduction Plasmodium falciparum malaria

  2020-11-26

  

  Introduction Plasmodium falciparum malaria continues to be a major global cause of mortality and morbidity. Malaria treatment and control has been complicated by the emergence of resistance to widespread antimalarial drug use. The most common method for measuring antimalarial resistance is estima

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2020-11-26

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion GOS potently inhibited SRD5A1 in COS-1 cells (Fig. 4A) and rat Leydig cells (Fig. 4B), possibly attenuating testosterone activation into DHT. It has been reported that gossypol inhibited human SRD5A1 with IC50 of 7 × 10−6 M [28]. Interestingly, gossy

• We and others have previously

  2020-11-26

  

  We and others have previously found that supplementation of old rats with ALCAR remediates the age-related decay in mitochondrial bioenergetics in liver (Hagen et al., 1998a, Hagen et al., 1998b), heart (Paradies et al., 1994, Paradies et al., 1999), muscle (Pesce et al., 2010) and it is impossible

• br Author contribution br Acknowledgements

  2020-11-26

  

  Author contribution Acknowledgements QNRF grant number NPRP6-065-3-012, Qatar National Research Fund, Doha Qatar for funding this work with grant number NPRP No.: NPRP6-065-3-012. Introduction Preeclampsia (PE) affects 3–5 % of pregnancies worldwide and is one of the leading causes of mate

• Additionally of outmost important is the location of the dif

  2020-11-26

  

  Additionally, of outmost important is the location of the different CpG islands in relation to the transcription starting site (TSS) of the promoter as well as their interaction with transcription activators or repressors. It has been shown that methylation at the downstream region of the TSS in the

• Caspi et al first identified that the COMT polymorphism

  2020-11-26

  

  Caspi et al. (2005) first identified that the COMT polymorphism moderated the influence of adolescent cannabis use on developing adult psychosis (Caspi et al., 2005). In particular, compared to Met carriers, subjects with the Val/Val genotype were most likely to exhibit psychotic symptoms and to de

• br Casein Kinase II CK Casein Kinase II

  2020-11-26

  

  Casein Kinase II (CK2) Casein Kinase II (CK2) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine-selective pro-oncogenic protein kinase that has become a more prominent target for research due to its effects and key role in tumorigenesis (Gowda et al., 2017a, Pinna, 2002). CK2, a well-conserved, pleiotropic kinase

• The most common adverse events in relation to udenafil

  2020-11-26

  

  The most common adverse events in relation to udenafil treatment are headache and facial flushing; other possible adverse events are febrile sensation, dyspepsia, and visual disturbances. No severe adverse event related to udenafil has been reported thus far. The adverse event rate recorded in the p

• Initially studies of GPCRs predominantly assessed

  2020-11-26

  

  Initially, studies of GPCRs predominantly assessed the signalling pathways downstream of receptors on the cell surface. There is now an understanding that GPCRs can localize to and signal from various intracellular compartments, such as the nucleus (reviewed in [40]). These intracellular pools of re

• br Membrane receptor Indirect non genomic signaling As menti

  2020-11-26

  

  Membrane receptor: Indirect non-genomic signaling As mentioned above, not all UNC1215 responses fit the classical genomic model of steroid action. The observation of excessively fast estrogen-induced biological responses led to the development of the hypothesis that estrogen could be acting by me

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