• Programmed cellular death or apoptosis is a process genetica

  2021-05-10

  

  Programmed cellular death or apoptosis is a process genetically controlled that plays an important role in cellular homeostasis, being an important defense mechanism to remove cells that have been infected, damaged or mutated (Smith and Smith, 2012, Wlodkowic et al., 2011). Nevertheless, apoptosis s

• AMPHs facilitate dopamine release which further triggers dop

  2021-05-10

  

  AMPHs facilitate dopamine release, which further triggers dopamine depletion [72]. Indeed, we observed that repeated treatment of MPA significantly inhibited TH-, DAT-, and VMAT-2 levels. Since DAT and VMAT-2 are important for dopaminergic terminal markers [10], their decreases suggest that MPA-indu

• p Kip is a critical component of the cell cycle

  2021-05-10

  

  p27Kip1 is a critical component of the cell cycle machinery [15]. As an inhibitor of cyclin E-Cdk2, p27Kip1 plays a pivotal role in controlling cell proliferation, S-phase entry, and G1-phase exit during development and tumorigenesis [16]. p27Kip1 is predominantly regulated via posttranslational mod

• br Introduction The dopaminergic system

  2021-05-08

  

  Introduction The dopaminergic system and its projections including both the prefrontal concentration equation (PFC) and striatum are known as being crucial to synaptic plasticity, skill acquisition and higher order functions (e.g., working memory and cognitive control; Matsumoto et al., 2003). V

• A limitation of this study is the between study heterogeneit

  2021-05-08

  

  A limitation of this study is the between-study heterogeneity of the datasets analyzed. To address this heterogeneity, we used a random-effects model in our analysis. Also, only 2 of the databases provided information on sex, and as a result, the sex-specific analyses were performed with a smaller c

• Thus based on our prior

  2021-05-08

  

  Thus, based on our prior results above, we hypothesized that B cells derived from ESCs are also B-1 cells and HSC independent. To test this hypothesis, we induced mouse ESCs on OP9 stromal cells into B-progenitors and transplanted them into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID/Il2rγcnull (NSG) neonates.

• A recent analysis of urine

  2021-05-08

  

  A recent analysis of 2721 urine samples collected from 245 men and 408 women across the US general population between 2005 and 2010 showed that MP, PP and BuP were measurable in 99.9%, 98.3% and 73.6% of samples from women and 99.3%, 90.2% and 35.9% of samples from men, respectively (Smith et al., 2

• br The orphan estrogen related receptor exists as three subt

  2021-05-08

  

  The orphan estrogen-related receptor exists as three subtypes (ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ) in the human genome. ERRα is expressed in metabolically active tissues such as muscle and adipose. ERRγ is expressed in the spinal cord and CNS. ERRβ appears to play a role in development, as postnatal expression

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-05-08

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion PKA and Epac are two principal effector proteins involved in cAMP signaling; they are expressed in a wide range of tissues and control diverse biological functions [10]. The existence of two cAMP effectors provides more precise regulation of cAMP sig

• 3mb mg br Material and methods br Results br

  2021-05-08

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Isolated 3mb mg have several potential advantages over other in-vitro approaches, such as expression of properties similar to their site of origin including the possibility of bidirectional transmembrane transport and exposure. Furthermore, they make

• br Conclusion The present study is the

  2021-05-08

  

  Conclusion The present study is the first to provide in vivo evidence that the σ1R deficiency can cause age-related increases in aggregation and phosphorylation of αSyn in dopaminergic neurons of SNpc. The σ1R has been reported to be decreased in the Fmoc-D-Lys(Boc)-OH region of the nigrostriata

• The concept of GPCRs and EGFRs existing as heteromers

  2021-05-08

  

  The concept of GPCRs and EGFRs existing as heteromers is consistent with previous studies. Co-immunoprecipitation studies have shown that agonist stimulation (both AngII and EGF) promotes a multi-protein complex containing the AT1R and EGFR, however these endpoint assays were not in live cells or in

• EBI and its ligand s

  2021-05-08

  

  EBI2 and its ligand(s) EBI2 was found in a screen of upregulated genes in human B cells upon infection with EBV [1]. EBI2 is a G-protein (Gαi type) coupled receptor [2] but as long as 18 years after its discovery the nature of its ligand remained undisclosed. With the help of transfected cell lines

• Mulan is a mitochondrial protein and is

  2021-05-08

  

  Mulan is a mitochondrial protein and is exclusively localized in the OMM with its RING domain facing the cytosol [14]. Based on this topology, Mulan can provide a link between molecular events in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. Mulan has been implicated in various processes including: mitochondrial

• In general cellular senescence is considered

  2021-05-08

  

  In general, cellular senescence is considered a programmed response to stress that can be activated by oxidative stress, irradiation or action of substances or drugs. These stressors cause DNA damage and, through the action of specific proteins (p53 and p21), lead to cell senescence (di Fagagna, 200

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