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Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune disorder
2024-12-26

Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness, which is mainly due to autoantibodies reducing the number or function of postsynaptic deucravacitinib psoriasis receptors (AChRs) [1], [2]. Animal models have been developed to uncover the immunopathoge
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mass of cl Apoptosis or programmed cell death is
2024-12-26

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a function of biochemical mechanisms, which are energy-dependent. It is considered to be a vital component of many processes such as normal cell cycle, immune mechanism, atrophy, embryonic development and toxin-induced cell death (Elmore, 2007). In addition, apo
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D4476 Search sphere This sphere includes the acetylcholine
2024-12-26

Search sphere 1: This sphere includes the D4476 binding site between the α–γ subunits. The center point of the search area was located at x=35.26, y=77.67, z=137.74 and the initial search radius was set to 27Å which assures that the corresponding area outside the channel pore of the two subunits wa
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Very recently Niessen et al have described the
2024-12-26

Very recently, Niessen et al. have described the resensitizing effect of MB327 on nAChR performing solid-supported membrane (SSM)-based electrophysiological experiments (Niessen et al., 2016) using plasma membrane preparations obtained from Torpedo californica. These findings validated and underline
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br Expression of autotaxin in cancer Autotaxin ATX is
2024-12-26

Expression of autotaxin in cancer Autotaxin (ATX) is a member of the family of NPPs (Nucleotides pyrophosphatases phosphodiesterases (NPP) family with a unique lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity, allowing the synthesis of LPA from lysophospholipid precursors such as the lysophosphatidylcholin
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colony stimulating factor 1 receptor br ACL Inhibition Lower
2024-12-26

ACL Inhibition: Lowering Blood LDL-C to Reduce ASCVD Risk Given its strategic position in the lipid biosynthesis pathway, ACL has been considered an attractive target for lipid-lowering even before statins and their effects on cholesterol homeostasis were elucidated (Box 2). Cells carefully maint
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ATM is generally regarded to be the principal mediator
2024-12-26

ATM is generally regarded to be the principal mediator of the G1 N-Nonyldeoxynojirimycin checkpoint, whereas the induction of the intra-S-phase and G2/M checkpoints are usually primarily related to ATR function. However, several studies have demonstrated that, depending on the cellular context and
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According to the diversity in molecular skeletons aromatase
2024-12-26

According to the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 fragment in molecular skeletons, aromatase inhibitors can be categorized into two types: steroidal and non-steroidal blockers [6]. Steroidal AI (e.g., exemestane in Fig. 1) derived from the substrate androstenedione interacts with
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br Apelin The APJ receptor ligand apelin firstly in was
2024-12-26

Apelin The APJ receptor ligand apelin firstly in 1998 was segregated from bovine stomach tissue. Human preproapelin gene located on chromosome Xq25–26.1. The apelin preproproteins consist of 77 amino Fluorometric Proteasome Assay residues that are cleaved into biologically active C-terminal frag
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It has been demonstrated that the
2024-12-26

It has been demonstrated that the hallmarks of pulmonary fibrosis are a loss of endothelial function and subsequent activation of the immune system, which is considered as a direct outcome affected by intracellular pro-inflammatory responses [26]. Thus, inhibition of early inflammation could be an i
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Echinocandin resistance is systematically associated with po
2024-12-26

Echinocandin resistance is systematically associated with point mutations in either FSK1 or FSK2 genes [7], [104]. These mutations are located in two different not spot regions of these genes named HS1 and HS2. Hot spot mutations have been reported in C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krus
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Tamoxifen Finally impaired endothelial integrity culminates
2024-12-26

Finally, impaired endothelial integrity culminates in an increased plasma protein concentration in the interstitial space, and thus accumulation of fluid in the ECM, favoring the swelling of the face and limbs [2] mainly. Concurrently with this systemic change, there is intense activation of coagula
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Suramin hexasodium salt According to average serum fat
2024-12-25

According to average serum fat content of 6.9 g/L (Phillips et al., 1989) and serum dioxin level from individuals exposed to dioxins as the result of accidents in Seveso (Needham et al., 1997), Taiwan (Guo et al., 2004) and Vietnam (The Tai et al., 2011) the median serum concentration of TCDD would
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It is interesting that Li et al reported
2024-12-25

It is interesting that Li et al. (2008) reported that AChR-immunized FcγRIIB knock out (KO) mice are significantly resistant to antibody-mediated EAMG. This is in contrast with previous studies, but does not contradict the results presented here. Despite their observation that the incidence and seve
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Furthermore our lab previously reported that
2024-12-25

Furthermore, our lab previously reported that cadmium treatment increased AChE-S and decreased AChE-R variants gene expression, which mediates the cell death observed on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (Del Pino et al., 2016b). AChE-R decreased expression, which presents a neuroprotective role i
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