• Autophagy and apoptosis have a very complex

  2023-09-28

  

  Autophagy and apoptosis have a very complex relationship, and the precise mechanism remains to be determined. At present, a large amount of research has confirmed that autophagy can protect the cell from apoptosis in special conditions such as nutrient deficiency or growth factors deprivation; the e

• Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid

  2023-09-28

  

  Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid metabolism disorder linked with lipid accumulation within the arterial wall and subsequent formation of foam cells and vascular disease [96], [97]. The level of apelin is decreased in human atherosclerotic coronary arteries [4], and coronary collateral formation in

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgment The authors gratef

  2023-09-28

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (81070220 and 81170278), and the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Human Provi

• Most human diseases e g cancer diabetes and neurodegenerativ

  2023-09-28

  

  Most human diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases) are complex and multifactorial. Several investigations in the literature focused on new multi-target drug development, which implies active pharmacophores incorporation in one scaffold (Meunier, 2008, Lazar et al., 2004, Te

• br Antioxidant polymers conjugates Natural

  2023-09-28

  

  Antioxidant-polymers conjugates Natural antioxidants are usually used as a substitute for synthetics but some degradation phenomena could influence their applications. For example, ascorbic Apelin-13 as a natural antioxidant undergoes yellowish coloration as a result of oxidation [29]. Sing and

• Most human diseases e g cancer diabetes and neurodegenerativ

  2023-09-28

  

  Most human diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases) are complex and multifactorial. Several investigations in the literature focused on new multi-target drug development, which implies active pharmacophores incorporation in one scaffold (Meunier, 2008, Lazar et al., 2004, T

• br Method of literature search br Disclosures br Acknowledgm

  2023-09-28

  

  Method of literature search Disclosures Acknowledgment The authors thank and acknowledge Mrs. Jaini Parekh, BFA, for illustrating the diagram in Figure 1. An overview of angiogenesis Angiogenesis is a biological process through which there is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-

• Kidney contributes importantly to the

  2023-09-28

  

  Kidney contributes importantly to the long-term blood pressure control via regulating sodium homeostasis. Renal proximal tubule (RPT) is one of the most critical segments for sodium reabsorption within kidney and therefore involved in blood pressure adjustment. This process is regulated by numerous

• br Introduction Androgens have been shown to regulate severa

  2023-09-28

  

  Introduction Androgens have been shown to regulate several neural functions ranging from reproduction to mood and cognitive abilities. This property starts as early as the perinatal period, which is characterized by prenatal and postnatal surges of gonadal testosterone, and continues through pube

• br Conflict of interest br Introduction Colorectal cancer CR

  2023-09-28

  

  Conflict of interest Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major cause of tumor-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Poor prognosis and consequences of its metastatic spread make CRC the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in western countries [1]. Apart from o

• BITC significantly enhanced the gene expression of

  2023-09-28

  

  BITC significantly enhanced the gene expression of the Nrf2-dependent genes, such as NQO1 and HO-1 (Fig. 4), as well as the ALDH genes (Fig. 2). Nrf2 is a key transcriptional factor which activates the expression of the genes that contain ARE in their promoter. Nrf2 translocates to the nucleus where

• While the mechanisms by which ALDH regulates

  2023-09-28

  

  While the mechanisms by which ALDH2 regulates cardiac responses to pathological stress remain unclear, the capillary rarefaction found in pressure-overloaded ALDH2 Tg hearts provides potential clues. Loss of capillary density and diminished endothelial function occur in pathological hypertrophy [46]

• Cy3 RNA receptor G has been shown to participate

  2023-09-28

  

  Gβγ has been shown to participate in various MT-dependent processes such as cell growth and differentiation [15,[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26]]. G-protein β-subunit anti-sense oligonucleotides have been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and cause disorganization of the mitotic spindle in mamma

• APPL is highly expressed in pancreatic cells but its levels

  2023-09-28

  

  APPL1 is highly expressed in pancreatic β cells, but its levels are significantly decreased in several mouse models of obesity and diabetes, including HFD-induced obese mice and db/db mice [6], [73], suggesting that the dysregulation of APPL1 may be associated with malfunction of the pancreas in obe

• Because activation of HT A receptor is capable of facilitati

  2023-09-28

  

  Because activation of 5-HT2A receptor is capable of facilitating dopamine cell activity and dopamine release (Bortolozzi et al., 2003), and this action of dopamine is known to mediate rat maternal behavior, especially maternal motivation (Afonso et al., 2007, Febo et al., 2010, Li and Fleming, 2003,

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